Crutches- A Guide to the different types and How to Use Them

Crutches and the people who need them.

Mobility aids are essential for individuals who face difficulty in walking or maintaining balance due to physical impairments or injuries. One such commonly used assistive device is crutches.

These walking aids provide stability and support, allowing individuals with temporary or permanent disabilities to regain their independence and mobility.

Photo by Towfiqu barbhuiya on Unsplash  

Crutches are often recommended by medical professionals as an effective means of recovery or rehabilitation, as well as for individuals with conditions that affect their ability to bear weight on their lower limbs. 

Here are some of the common types of crutches and accessories worth considering:

1. Standard Underarm Crutches: These are the most traditional crutches and consist of a pair of crutches with pads that fit underneath the arms. The user's weight is supported by the pads, and the hands grip the handles for balance and stability.

2. Forearm Crutches: Also known as Lofstrand or Canadian crutches, forearm crutches provide support to the user's forearm instead of the underarms. They consist of cuffs that wrap around the forearms and handles where the hands grip. This type of crutch offers additional stability and is often recommended for individuals with long-term mobility limitations.

3. Platform Crutches: Designed to provide additional support and weight-bearing assistance, platform crutches have a larger surface area to support the user's wrists and forearms. They are particularly beneficial for those with reduced strength or balance, allowing them to distribute the weight more evenly.

4. Knee Scooters: While not technically crutches, knee scooters are another mobility aid commonly used during injury recovery. These wheeled devices support the user's injured leg or foot, allowing them to rest it while propelling themselves forward with their other leg. Knee scooters provide a hands-free alternative to traditional crutches, increasing mobility and reducing strain on the upper body.

Fitting Crutches, How to properly fit crutches to your height and body.

 

Underarm crutches and forearm crutches are two common types of crutches used for injury rehabilitation. When fitting crutches to your height and body, it is important to choose the right type for your specific needs.

Underarm crutches are typically used for non-weight bearing injuries, where you are not able to put any weight on the injured leg or foot.

Forearm crutches, on the other hand, are more suitable for partial weight bearing injuries, where you can put some weight on the injured leg or foot. Properly fitting the crutches ensures proper weight distribution and stability while walking.

To fit underarm crutches, follow these steps:
1. Stand upright with your shoes on and arms relaxed at your sides.
2. Adjust the crutch height by raising or lowering the hand grips until they are at the level of your wrists.
3. Make sure the underarm pads are about 1-2 inches below your armpits, providing cushioning without direct pressure on the armpits.
4. Check that your elbows are slightly bent when you hold the hand grips, allowing for comfortable positioning and improved mobility.
5. Test your crutches by taking a few steps, ensuring that you can maintain balance and support your weight without any discomfort.

For forearm crutches, the fitting process is slightly different:
1. Stand upright with your shoes on and arms relaxed at your sides.
2. Adjust the crutch height by raising or lowering the handgrips until they are at the level of your wrists.
3. Place your hands through the forearm cuffs, ensuring a snug fit that allows for secure support without restricting circulation.
4. Adjust the forearm cuff length by sliding it up or down your forearm, allowing for a comfortable fit without any strain on your wrists.
5. Test your crutches by taking a few steps, ensuring that you can maintain balance and support your weight without any discomfort.

Here are two tables summarising the information about underarm and forearm crutches:

Table 1: Underarm Crutches

Type of Crutches	Suitable for	Proper Fitting	Testing
Underarm Crutches	Non-weight bearing injuries	- Adjust hand grips to wrist level	- Take a few steps for balance
		- Underarm pads 1-2 inches below	- Ensure comfort and support
		armpits for cushioning	without discomfort
		- Slightly bent elbows for
		comfortable positioning

Table 2: Forearm Crutches

Type of Crutches	Suitable for	Proper Fitting	Testing
Forearm Crutches	Partial weight bearing injuries	- Adjust hand grips to wrist level	- Take a few steps for balance
		- Place hands through forearm cuffs	- Ensure comfort and support
		- Ensure snug fit without	without discomfort
		wrist strain

Properly fitting your crutches to your height and body ensures optimal support and stability during your recovery process. Whether you require non-weight bearing or partial weight-bearing mobility, choosing the right type of crutches and adjusting them correctly will facilitate the healing process and help you regain independence.
• Underarm crutches and forearm crutches are two common types of crutches used for injury rehabilitation.
• Underarm crutches are typically used for non-weight bearing injuries, while forearm crutches are more suitable for partial weight bearing injuries.
• Properly fitting the crutches ensures proper weight distribution and stability while walking.
• To fit underarm crutches, stand upright with your shoes on and adjust the height of the hand grips to the level of your wrists.
• Make sure the underarm pads are about 1-2 inches below your armpits to provide cushioning without direct pressure on them.
• Check that your elbows are slightly bent when holding the hand grips for comfortable positioning and improved mobility.
• Test your underarm crutches by taking a few steps to ensure balance and support without discomfort.
• For forearm crutches, follow similar steps but also place hands through forearm cuffs ensuring a snug fit that allows secure support without restricting circulation.
• Adjust cuff length up or down on forearms to find a comfortable fit without strain on wrists.
• Test forearm crutch fitting by taking a few steps to ensure balance and support without discomfort.

Weight Bearing Terms explained : non-weight bearing, partial weight-bearing, and full weight-bearing.

Staircase mobility is an essential aspect to consider when it comes to weight bearing while using crutches. Understanding the weight bearing terminologies of non-weight bearing, partial weight-bearing, and full weight-bearing is crucial for the safe and effective use of crutches.

Crutch fitting is the first step in determining the appropriate level of weight bearing. Properly fitted crutches provide stability and support, reducing the risk of falls and injuries.

There are different types of crutches available, including axillary crutches, forearm crutches, and platform crutches, each with specific benefits and considerations. The type of crutches selected depends on the individual's needs, comfort, and mobility level. Safety precautions such as wearing non-slip shoe wear and maintaining a clear path for walking should also be followed.

Now, let's delve into the weight-bearing terminologies.

Non-weight bearing means that no weight can be applied to the injured or recovering leg. In this case, the crutches are used solely for balance and to take the pressure off the affected limb. It is important to avoid placing any weight on the injured leg to allow for proper healing.

Partial weight-bearing allows for some weight to be placed on the injured or recovering leg. The level of weight bearing is usually specified by the healthcare provider, expressed as a percentage of weight that can be borne on the affected limb. This allows for a certain degree of mobility while still protecting the injured area.

On the other hand, full weight-bearing implies that the individual can put their full body weight on the injured or recovering leg, without the need for crutches. However, it is vital to consult with a healthcare professional to determine when it is safe to transition from partial weight-bearing to full weight-bearing.

By understanding these weight-bearing terms, individuals using crutches can adapt their mobility and activity levels accordingly, promoting a swift and successful recovery. Remember, always consult with a healthcare provider for proper guidance and instructions tailored to your specific condition.

Basic Movements, How to stand, walk, and move with crutches.

Mobility support is a crucial aspect for individuals using crutches. It is important to maintain proper posture while standing, walking, and moving with crutches to ensure maximum stability and prevent any discomfort or further injury. To achieve this, it is necessary to regularly check the crutch position and make any necessary adjustments.

Additionally, ensuring proper crutch maintenance such as regularly cleaning and inspecting for any wear and tear is essential for optimal performance and longevity.

Hand grip comfort is also crucial to prevent hand fatigue or discomfort during prolonged use.

When standing with crutches, it is important to position them at a comfortable distance in front of the body, with the hand grips at waist level. Bear in mind that the weight should be evenly distributed between the crutches and unaffected leg, avoiding excess pressure on the underarms.

Taking small steps and maintaining a steady pace is most effective while walking with crutches.

It is important to allow the crutches to make contact with the ground first, followed by the unaffected leg. This rhythmic pattern ensures stability and reduces the risk of tripping.

Remember to maintain proper posture by keeping the head up, back straight, and shoulders relaxed. By following these guidelines, individuals can confidently and safely navigate their surroundings while using crutches.

Tips for moving from a sitting to standing position and vice versa.

Moving from a sitting to standing position and vice versa can be challenging for individuals using mobility aids for injuries, such as crutches. To ensure a smooth transition, it is crucial to follow a crutch fitting guide and maintain proper posture while using crutches.

Here are some tips to help improve mobility and make this transition easier:

- Adjust crutches to the correct height: Proper crutch height is essential for stability and comfort. Ensure that the crutch cuffs are adjusted correctly, allowing for a two-finger space between the top of the crutch and your armpit. Adjusting the height will provide better support and prevent unnecessary strain on your upper body.
- Position your body correctly: When moving from a sitting to standing position, scoot forward to the edge of the seat and position your crutches evenly on either side of you. Place your hands on the seat of the chair or another sturdy surface for support. Engage your core muscles and use your legs to push yourself up, applying minimal pressure on the crutches.
- Consider using mobility accessories for crutches: Certain accessories, such as crutch pads and grip covers, can enhance comfort and reduce the risk of slipping. These simple additions can provide added stability and reduce the strain on your hands and arms. Remember to choose accessories that are compatible with your crutch model and ensure they are properly fitted.

Proper technique and utilizing the necessary tools, such as crutch fitting guides and mobility accessories, can greatly enhance your mobility and make moving from a sitting to standing position and vice versa much easier. By maintaining the correct posture and using crutches effectively, you can minimize discomfort and facilitate a smoother transition in your daily activities.

Step-by-step guide on how to walk with crutches.

Forearm crutches and underarm crutches are the two primary types of crutches commonly used for walking assistance. When using forearm crutches, first ensure that the crutch grips are at the same level as your wrists while standing upright.

The top of the crutches should be placed about 1-2 inches below your armpits. Adjust the height of the crutches by moving the cuff up or down on the shaft to ensure a comfortable fit. Underarm crutches, on the other hand, should be adjusted so that the top of the crutches is about 1-2 inches below your armpits. The handgrips should be level with the crease on the inside of your wrist.

Remember to always maintain a slight bend in your elbows when using either type of crutches to decrease stress on your arms and shoulders.

Using crutches on stairs safely requires technique and caution. When ascending stairs, approach the stairs facing forward and hold the handrail if one is available.

Place both crutches on the step below you, then hop up onto the step with your unaffected leg. Use your upper body strength to help lift your body weight upwards.

Repeat this sequence until you have reached the top, taking your time and ensuring each step is secure. When descending stairs, start by placing both crutches on the step below and then step down with your unaffected leg. Again, utilize your upper body strength to help control your descent, ensuring that your crutches are planted firmly on each step before taking the next. Always take it slow and steady to maintain stability and avoid any potential falls.

When and how to use just one crutch.

Crutch comfort accessories can play a key role in injury rehabilitation with crutches. These accessories are designed to provide additional support and stability, allowing individuals to use just one crutch, if needed. When using only one crutch, it is important to choose the right crutch for your specific needs. Adjustable crutches are recommended, as they can be customized to fit your height and provide the necessary support. Additionally, consider using crutch pads or hand grips to prevent crutch-related discomfort, such as chafing or blisters.

Using just one crutch can be beneficial when transitioning from using two crutches to walking without assistance. It can help individuals gradually regain their balance and strength while reducing dependency on crutches. However, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional or physical therapist before making this transition. They can provide guidance on when it is appropriate to use just one crutch and can offer exercises to improve stability and balance. Remember, always prioritize safety and take things at a pace that feels comfortable for your body.

Navigating Stairs, How to safely go up and down stairs with and without a banister.

Navigating stairs can be challenging but with the right techniques, it is possible to maintain mobility and independence with crutches. Whether you have access to a banister or not, here are some essential tips to safely ascend and descend stairs:

- Take it one step at a time: Approach stairs cautiously and stand close to the first step. Use your crutches for support and balance.
- Going up: Start by placing your unaffected foot on the first step, followed by your crutches. Push up using your arms and hop up with your good leg. Repeat this process for each step.
- Going down: Start by placing your crutches on the step below, followed by your affected leg. Then, lower your good leg to the same step. Again, repeat this process for each step as you carefully descend.

Crutch maintenance tips are crucial to ensure their effectiveness and safety. Regularly inspect the rubber tips on your crutches for signs of wear and tear. If they appear worn, replace them promptly to maintain stability while walking with crutches. Additionally, ensure that the crutch height is correctly adjusted to your comfort and needs to avoid unnecessary strain on your arms and shoulders. By following these maintenance tips, you can optimize the use of your crutches and enhance your overall mobility experience.

Walking with crutches requires practice and proper technique to maximize stability and minimize the risk of accidents. While using crutches, it is essential to keep your body in an upright position and make sure your weight is evenly distributed on both crutches. To achieve this:
- Keep your elbows slightly bent for better control and support.
- Take small steps to maintain balance and avoid putting excessive pressure on your arms and shoulders.
- Look straight ahead and not down at your feet to maintain balance and prevent potential obstacles.
- Gradually increase your walking speed as you become more comfortable with the crutches.
By incorporating these tips into your walking routine, you can steadily improve your mobility with crutches and regain your independence.

Going Up,Detailed steps for climbing stairs.

When climbing stairs with crutches, there are certain steps that should be followed to ensure safety and stability. Here are some detailed guidelines to help you go up the stairs with ease:

- Position yourself in front of the stairs, facing forward.
- Hold onto the rail or banister, if available, for additional support.
- Place both crutches under one arm, allowing the hand on the railing to guide you.
- Step up with your unaffected leg first, while using the handrail for balance.
- Push down on the handrail and crutches for support as you transfer your weight onto your unaffected leg.
- Lift the affected leg and crutches simultaneously, slightly bending the knee of your unaffected leg.
- Move your unaffected leg onto the step, followed by your affected leg.
- Repeat these steps, taking your time and maintaining a steady pace, until you reach the top of the stairs.

Remember, your safety is paramount when using crutches. Take it slow and steady to avoid any mishaps or accidents. There are more videos demonstrating how to use crutches here

Do NHS supply crutches?

Yes, the NHS does supply crutches to patients who require them.

Can you get crutches for free?

Yes, you can get crutches for free through the NHS if you meet the criteria for eligibility.

How much do crutches cost the NHS?

The cost of crutches provided by the NHS may vary depending on the specific type and model. However, they are generally provided free of charge to eligible patients.

Can a GP prescribe crutches?

Yes, a GP can prescribe crutches if they determine that they are necessary for your condition or injury.

Do you have to pay for crutches in the UK?

If you qualify for NHS support and meet the criteria, you can receive crutches for free. However, if you do not meet the criteria, you may need to purchase crutches privately.

Do crutches count as a disabled aid?

Crutches are considered a mobility aid rather than a specific disability aid. However, they can be used by individuals with temporary or permanent mobility limitations due to various conditions or injuries.

What conditions require crutches?

Crutches may be required for conditions such as fractures, sprains, strains, ligament tears, post-surgery recovery, or other lower limb injuries that affect mobility.

What is the criteria for receiving crutches?

The criteria for receiving crutches may vary depending on the healthcare system or the specific circumstances. Generally, crutches are provided to individuals who have difficulty walking or bearing weight on one or both legs due to an injury or medical condition. A healthcare professional will assess your situation and determine if crutches are appropriate for your case.